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John Udell (22 June 1795 – 30 June 1874) was an American farmer and Baptist lay preacher who is primarily known for two detailed diaries he kept of his travels to California across the Great Plains of the United States. He traversed the overland route four times between 1850 and 1859, returning by sea on his first three trips. After his fourth and final trip to California he remained there, settling in Solano County and later in Sonoma County. His first diary, ''Incidents of Travel to California Across the Great Plains'', was published in 1856. His second diary, ''Journal of John Udell, Kept During a Trip Across the Plains'', was first published in 1859 and is an account of his last trip to California as a member of the Rose-Baley Party. ==Early years and marriage== Modern accounts of John Udell's early life are based on his autobiographical sketch published in 1856 as part of ''Incidents of Travel to California Across the Great Plains'' and summarized in Lyle H. Wright's introduction to the 1946 edition of Udell's second diary, ''Journal of John Udell, Kept During a Trip Across the Plains''. Born in New York City, he was the eldest of Phebe (''née'' Bailey) and John Udell's 13 children. According to Udell, his great-grandfather Lionel had been a physician and innkeeper in Exeter, England. He emigrated to the United States in the late 17th century, settling in Stonington, Connecticut where he continued to practice as a physician. Udell's grandfather (also named John) had a shipping business in Stephentown, New York, but after his death, his business partners "absconded" with the company's cash, leaving large debts to be paid by Udell's father. For a while his father, who had previously worked as a merchant seaman out of New York, ran a sloop on the Hudson River belonging to the Schermerhorn family. The young John Udell served as the cook and cabin-boy.〔Wright, Lyle H. (1946). "Introduction". (''Journal of John Udell, Kept During a Trip Across the Plains'' ), pp. ix–xvii. N. A. Kovach〕 In 1810, Udell's father moved the family to the wilderness of northeastern Pennsylvania where he took up farming. It was in Pennsylvania that Udell became a Baptist. He would remain a devout member of the faith until his death, preaching to small gatherings and once marrying a couple on one of his westward wagon trains. However, according to Lyle Wright, there is no evidence that he was ever formally trained or ordained as a minister.〔 The Udell family found it difficult to make a living from the farm in Pennsylvania and in early 1816, John Udell travelled to Ohio to seek a new home for his parents, eventually settling the family in New Lyme. There he married Emily Merrill in December 1816. She was born in Connecticut, as were most of the early settlers of the town. In the ensuing years, Udell and his wife moved many times as he tried his hand at farming and business in a variety of locations in Ohio and Missouri. He had a large family to support. He and Emily eventually had four sons and four daughters, and he often supplemented his income by working as a travelling salesman or as a day-laborer for other farmers.〔 In 1819 on the advice of a neighbor, he even took up distilling whiskey from his surplus grain. He then ran his own stills for another three years but later wrote of his decision to enter the distillery business: I consented to do so; which was a great error in me; though at that time, making and using whiskey, as a common drink, was very popular thro'out the United States. But now I think that making and vending so much to intoxicate men was wrong, and especially reprehensible in a Christian.〔Udell, John (1856). (''Incidents of Travel to California Across the Great Plains'' ), pp. 140–141. ''Ashtabula Sentinel''. Online extracts retrieved via olivercowdery.com 26 February 2015.〕 Even before his transcontinental journeys, Udell had been an inveterate traveller.〔 In 1818, shortly after the birth of his first child, he walked 500 miles from Ohio to upstate New York in search of higher-paid work, travelling via Niagara Falls, Lake Ontario, the Genesee Falls, and Canandaigua Lake. The trip proved unsuccessful. According to Udell, he had to sell his clothes at Canandaigua to buy enough food for his return journey to Ohio which he walked at a pace of 40 miles a day.〔Udell (1856) pp. 138–139〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「John Udell」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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